試論蔡松年詞及其在金詞史之地位

Initial Research on Ci Wrote by Tsai Sung Nien and His Status in the History of Chin Ci

雖然在以大漢民族為正統的中國文學史中，金詞一向不受重視，對蔡松年詞也比較陌生。不過，正史會說公道話，元脫脫《金史•蔡松年傳》云：「（蔡松年）文詞清麗，尤工樂府，與吳激齊名，時號『吳、蔡體』，有集行於世。」清楚記載蔡松年詞在金詞史前期燦爛的一頁。並且由金詞大家元好問的《中州樂府》統計可知，該詞集共錄114闋，蔡松年即有12闋，占一成多，為所引錄金詞家之冠（除元好問以外），顯然蔡松年詞備受元好問的肯定。另外，彙整元脫脫《宋史•辛棄疾傳》、王慶生《蔡松年年譜》、胡傳志《金代文學研究》等諸書說法亦可證明：辛棄疾師承於蔡松年，此正意謂蔡松年是辛棄疾學習蘇軾豪放詞的連結者，更說明了蔡松年詞在金詞史的重要性。因此，本文分為：一、前言；二、蔡松年的生平簡歷；三、蔡松年的詞集與詞的特色；四、蔡松年在詞史的定位；五、結語等五部分，蒐集書籍資料，加以篩選、分析、歸納，期盼在目前討論蔡松年的期刊論文仍屬冷門、有限的情況之下，能增進大眾對蔡松年詞的認識，也進一步確立蔡松年在金詞史的地位，為開拓詞學研究領域略盡棉薄之力。

Although in terms of Chinese literature Chin Ci had been ignored by the Han people, and the Chi written by Tsai Sung Nien was unfamiliar to them as well, the history would prove it: To To (Yuan dynasty) once said in Chin History-the Biography of Thai Sung Nien, ”Tsai Sung Nien's Ci was delicate. He, who was especially good at folk songs, was as famous as Wu Chi. The Ci written by them was called 'Wu Tsai Ti' at that time. And they had published their Ci together.” The above quotation suggests that Tsai Sung Nien's Chi played an important role in the former period of Chin Ci Moreover, among 114 pieces of works collected by Yuan Hao Wen in Chung Chou Folk Songs, Tsai Sung Nien composed 12 pieces, which was around 10 percent of the total numbers. The statistics clearly show Yuan Hao Wen's recognition of Tsai Sung Nien's Chi. In addition, according to Yuan To To's Sung History-the Biography of Hsin Chi Chi, Wang Ching Sheng's Thai Sung Nien's Whole Life, and Hu Chuan Chih's Literature Studies of Chin Dynasty, Hsin Chi Chi was the successor of Tsai Sung Nien. That is, Tsai Sung Nien was the connector who linked Hsin Chi Chi with Su Shih's Chi. Based on the above arguments, Tsai Sung Nien did take an important place in the history of Chin Ci. This paper is made up of five parts-introduction, the brief of Tsai Sung Nien's life, the features of Tsai Sung Nien's Ci, the role Tsai Sung Nien played in Ci history, and conclusion. I looked up the information in the related books and analyzed all of the data. Although there are few articles concerned with Tsai Sung Nien, I hope this paper could help promote Tsai Sung Nien's popularity, confirm Tsai's achievements, and make some contributions to the study of Ci.