兩面針葉部精油成分與抽取分析方法之研究

Study of Analytical Methods and Essential Oil Constituents of the Leaves of Zanthoxylum Nitidum (Roxb.)

本研究探討兩面針葉部抽取出精油之成分，並比較以直接式水蒸汽蒸餾法與間接式水蒸汽蒸餾法兩者在不同成長過程中所萃取得到的精油成分及收油率之差異性。兩面針葉部，經攪碎後以水蒸汽蒸餾帶出揮發精油，再以溶劑萃取、鹼處理、水洗與濃縮等步驟，得其淡褐色之中性精油其平均收油率為0.046%，碳氫化合物佔中性精油的38.8%，含氧化合物佔中性精油的61.2%，經利用管柱色層分析方式分離純化後，測其氣相色層質譜儀(GC/MS)、霍氏轉換紅外線光譜儀(FT-IR)、核磁共振光譜儀(NMR)分別確認了二十四個成分，於碳氫化合物中確認了Limonene、γ-Terpinene、α-Copaene、β-Elemene、β-Caryophyllene、α-Humulene、τ-Muurolene、β-Selinene、α-Selinene、β-Bisabolene、δ-Cadinene等成分，而含氧化合物中確認了Eucalyptol、β-Linalool、α-Ionone、β-Ionone、Caryophyllene oxide、α-Terpineol、p-Menth-1-en-4-ol、p-Menthen-9-al、Nerol、2-Tridecanone、Spathulenol、Isophytol、Phytol等成分，而其中有十七個成分為首次自兩面針葉部精油得到的化合物。兩面針葉部以直接式水蒸汽蒸餾法抽取出精油之成分，對不同成長過程的兩面針葉部其萃取所得到之中性精油，其組成及含量變化不大，而且直接式比間接式更易獲得萜類化合物。

The purpose of this study was focused on essential oil constituents and analytical methods of leaves of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.), and the difference between the direct steam distillation and the indirect steam distillation methods of extraction. We expect to find the best method for extraction of essential oil from this plant on this study. From the extract of the leaves of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.), twenty-four compounds ”Limonene, γ-Terpinene, α-Copaene, β-Elemene, β-Caryophyllene, α-Humulene, τ-Muurolene, β-Selinene, α-Selinene, β-Bisabolene, δ-Cadinene, Eucalyptol, β-Linalool, α-Ionone, β-Ionone, Caryophyllene oxide, α-Terpineol, p-Menth-1-en-4-ol, p-Menthen-9-al, Nerol, 2-Tridecanone, Spathulenol, Isophytol, Phytol” were identified by GC/MS and FT-IR, NMR spectroscopic methods. Seventeen compounds were found first time in essential oil of the leaves of Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.). By the way, the direct steam distillation method was found to be a better method for extracting terpenoids than the indirect method.