內在價值的反思

The Reflection of Intrinsic Value

「內在價值」(intrinsic value) 之於環境倫理學的眾多主張之間，是一個相當核心且重要的議題。許多重要的說法，必須先透過此概念的釐定，才得以架構其學說論述，尤其是在生態中心主義或生命中心主義。「內在價值」的論述策略，主要是透過肯定非人類的自然成員適用這樣的核心概念，不論是「抬高」其他自然成員的道德地位，或是「降低」人類原來的道德地位，其企圖在於將人類與其他自然成員的地位做出平等的道德考量。以達到對其他自然成員甚至是生態整體的保護、尊敬與珍視。不過這概念的提出也引發不同立場的主張，然則其概念發展的重要性在於生態界的其他存有物的珍視與保護立場上又是不容忽略的論述。是以，如果從穩固的論證策略來看，如何尋求一種並陳甚至可以取代的論證，對於環境倫理學的發展就有其必要性。此篇文章在於提出從儒家思想中，特別是《易傳》對於「君子成德」的律己原則，來發展出自我實現時，如何在道德上照應的自然成員的各種層面，透過這樣的取徑，重構內在價值的概念與實踐層面的可能。

Among the various statements of environmental ethics, the concept ofintrinsic value is an important and core issue. Before the scholars found theirmain discourses, they usually have to clarify this concept first for their stance,especially for the ecocentrism and biocentrism. The strategies of discussionabout intrinsic value try to endow the other beings with intrinsic value; either toraise the moral status of other members in nature, or to devalue the originalmoral status of human being, it tries to make an equal consideration betweenhuman and other members in nature, aiming at the protection, respect andcherishing for nature. However, the proposition of the concept of intrinsic valuearouses the different viewpoints. Such debates show that concept of intrinsicvalue is necessary for the developing the notion of environmental ethics. Iwonder if there is any more stable argument to replace the controversies. Isuggest the autonomy principles of Confucianism mentioned in Yi-zhuan,especially the self-accomplishment of a virtuous person who tries his/her best totake care all aspects of the environment, including other members in nature. Bysuch approach, I try to rebuild the concept of intrinsic value and its practice.