遊客破壞行為之環境因素：以露營場野餐桌遭遊客破壞為例

Environmental Factors of Visitors’ Vandalism: A Case Study of Carvings on Campground Picnic Tables

本研究探索哪些環境因素能誘導或抑制遊客破壞行為，研究以露營場野餐桌為研究對象，並依犯罪預防領域之「防衛空間理論」設計調查表，記錄野餐桌週遭的8 項環境因素，以及野餐桌遭遊客破壞的情形。研究發現，野餐桌已遭破壞的程度越大，遭到新破壞程度會越大。黃色野餐桌遭新破壞之情況高於暗紅色野餐桌。管理程度較強的露營地，野餐桌遭破壞的情況較輕微。研究發現能實質影響遊客心理之環境因素才與破壞行為之發生有關，遊憩管理單位宜儘速修復遭破壞的設施，藉以釋放此處不可破壞的意象予遊客，同時注意園區的設計與管理，以有效抑制破壞行為發生。研究結果有助於犯罪預防的理論建構，並協助管理單位制定防止遊客破壞的有效策略。

This study aims to explore which environmental factors can encourage or deter vandal. Picnic tables on campgrounds were selected as research subjects. According to Newman’s Defensible space theory, eight environmental factors, surrounding picnic tables as well as carvings on picnic tables were recorded. The results indicated that the extent of new carvings on picnic tables was significantly related to the extent of previous carvings. Compared with dark-red picnic tables, yellow picnic tables have a higher probability of new carvings. In addition, well-managed campgrounds have fewer new carvings on their picnic tables than those that are poorly managed. This study demonstrates that only environmental factors can essentially affect vandals’ intentions. The campground management should repair vandalized equipment as soon as possible and take good care of the campground to demonstrate that vandalism is not allowed in the property. The results of this study could both increase knowledge of crime prevention and prevent tourist vandalism in recreation areas.