探討低碳新市鎮佈置之規劃問題

PLANNING ARRANGEMENT OF A LOW-CARBON NEW TOWN

氣候變遷是近年來社會關注的重要議題，其中影響最劇烈的即是溫室效應，因此全球各地都積極推行低碳活動，而有效的城市佈置將可減少總運輸距離，進一步減少二氧化碳排放量，達到低碳低汙染的城市，此即為本研究之主要動機。本研究針對高雄市－新市鎮進行佈置與分析，以區塊分割的概念下，探討如何規劃新市鎮建築密度問題、土地使用類別的區位選擇與交通流量規劃，首先建構以汙染成本為核心的數學模型。研究考量兩項都市規劃所造成碳排放之汙染成本，而汙染來源分別為：(1)建築物建材生產與營建、(2)交通行駛路徑，以總汙染成本最小化為目標。經驗證數學模式後，再開發適合本研究之模擬退火演算法進行建築密度及區塊佈置改善，求解每一土地使用類型區塊內之建築數量，及各土地使用類型之最佳位置，後續再以敏感度分析探討包含：建築密度變化對於住宅人口數的影響及安全距離變化對於總汙染成本的影響。實驗結果顯示，在建築密度臨界值（含）或以上，可確保可容納人口數高於計畫人口數，在安全距離設定上，本研究假設距離確實較佳。最終達到幫助城市規劃者透過系統化分析，以提高規劃的工作效率並改善規劃品質。

In the recent years, climate change is one of the important issues, especially on the effects of greenhouse. Countries around the world are actively promoting a low-carbon urban layout by reducing the overall transportation distance and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. This research develops a mathematical model using block-category concept to solve a layout problem for the new town in Kaohsiung city area. The objective of the grid-type layout is to minimize the pollution cost which comes from traffic flow and building density. In addition, the pollution of traffic flow is considered by flow volume and moving distance between blocks. The pollution of building density is focused on production of building materials and construction of a building. A solution algorithm of the model is then developed by using the simulated annealing logic after a verification process. A near-optimal layout can be represented by a set of block arrangement for all categories and the building density for each block. A sensitivity analysis is conducted by considering the relationship between building density and population, the relationship between safety distance and pollution cost. Results of sensitivity analysis show that: (1) the pre-defined building density fits the population required, (2) a better safety distance can be found.