臺灣東部海線地區貧血盛行率調查

The Study of Anemia Prevalence in the Eastern Coastal Region of Taiwan

背景介紹：貧血是全世界不論任何經濟條件的國家共通的疾病，其對病患造成的不適感將間接影響整體社會及經濟發展。臺灣貧血盛行率調查多集中於特定族群，包含年長者、婦女或相關慢性病患等，較少針對單一區域，特別是醫療資源及經濟狀況不佳的東部偏鄉地區。本研究收集並分析當地就醫民眾血液檢查數據，提供臺灣東部沿海地區的貧血相關統計報告，包含盛行率及部分紅血球參數，以作為未來改善衛生條件和提升醫療資源的參考基礎。採樣對象及統計方法：收集東部海線某地區醫院來院病患的全血球檢查數據共1434筆，排除資料不全及重複數據後，參考世界衛生組織（World Health Organization, WHO）公布的貧血盛行率調查資料，進行性別和年齡分組，再以SPSS進行統計分析。結果：本次研究所收案的1434筆資料中，男性占753位，平均血紅素及紅血球容積為13.2 g/dl、88.9fl，其貧血盛行率為38.5%。女性占681位，平均血紅素及紅血球容積為12.2 g/dl、87.0 fl，其貧血盛行率為34.5%。年齡分組上，兩性75歲以上族群的貧血盛行率均偏高，其中正球性貧血比例最高，其次為小球性貧血。結論：當地貧血問題集中在年老族群（75歲以上），但也有相當比例的青壯年男性及成年女性的貧血個案。經濟狀況低落及相關衛教不足所造成的營養不良，或醫療資源不足無法提供適切的臨床處置，可能為本地貧血盛行率居高的原因。

Background: Anemia is a major health problem that impairs social and economic development in both rich and poor countries. However, anemia prevalence in Taiwan has mainly been estimated for older people, women, and patients with specific chronic diseases. Furthermore, few studies have examined a single area, particularly in Eastern Taiwan, where medical resources are scant. This study elucidated anemia information such as prevalence and red blood cell-related factors to provide a reference for future studies and medical improvement. Materials and Methods: We established a sample of 1434 patients whose complete blood counts (CBC) had been recorded at a local hospital. According to World Health Organization criteria, we classified the database by gender and age and used SPSS to perform statistical analysis. Results: The sample comprised 753 males and 681 females. The total anemia prevalence in the males and females was 38.5% and 34.5%, respectively. The mean hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the males and females were 13.2 g/dL and 88.9 fL and 12.2 g/dL and 87.0 fL, respectively. By gender, both males and females revealed high anemia prevalence in elder group (more than 75 years). Among the patients, normocytic anemia was the most prevalent form of anemia, followed by microcytic anemia. Conclusion: In the study area, anemia problems are concentrated among older people. Notably, some anemia cases were identified among middle-aged males and females. Poor nutrition and a lack of medical resources may be the causes of the high anemia prevalence.