土耳其史觀的外交政策

Turkish Foreign Policy: A Historical Perspective

如何去分析甚至預測土耳其自建國後至今及未來的外交政策走向是本論文所關切的重點。土耳其自鄂圖曼帝國崩解後，面臨被瓜分危機。在一個邦分崩離析的狀態下，凱末爾先建立一個清楚的土耳其史觀，以土耳其的歷史文明團結土耳其人，並以全面世俗化、西化的外交政策來徹底改變土耳其。在歷經二戰、冷戰、軍事政變、政黨輪替等歷史事件後，筆者認為，縱令當今土耳其的外交政策因伊斯蘭色彩濃厚的正義發展黨執政後，強調土耳其歷史與地緣之重要性而積極的「從親西方轉變為重東方」，但是，以凱末爾主義為主軸的土耳其史觀之親西方外交政策大方向是不可能改變，正義發展黨能做的只是強化了土耳其文化歷史與地緣戰略的角色。

How to analyze and even predict Turkish foreign policy is the focus of this paper concerns. Since the collapse of Ottoman Empire, Kemal first established a clear view of Turkish historical legacy to unite Turkish with its proud history and civilization, so as to fully secularized, Westernized to completely change the direction of Turkish foreign policy. After experiencing the World War II, Cold War, military coups and change of ruling party, the author argues that Turkey's pro-West foreign policy is unlikely to change even the pro-Islamic régime AKP came to power who emphasizes the importance of Turkish historical and geopolitical connection with its geographical location. What the AKP can do is to strengthen the role of Turkey's historical and geographical dimension, whilst the Turkish stance of pro-West will be sustained.