凱末爾語文改革、國族想像及改革實踐評估

The Imagined Communities in Atatürk's Language Reforms and Their Evaluations

本文主要整理土耳其文字語言與政權轉移的歷史，其與1920-30年代土耳其國父凱末爾阿塔圖爾克所領導的國家語文改革間的歷史承繼關係，並分析凱末爾語文改革的意識形態、規劃、實踐與評估。本文基於Benedict Anderson印刷資本主義的概念，論述土耳其共和國官方如何再生產知識、善用印刷文化、以及統一語言文字，來讓其塑造的土耳其國族想像共同體成形，並進一步地推廣以國家力量主導的、培養民族思想的、政教分離的現代「土耳其人」教育，使得現代土耳其語及其羅馬字書寫的推動能有效率地進行。

This article explores the history of Turkish languages and its relation with different political powers. It mainly tackles how the 1920s-30s Turkish language reforms by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) related to the tradition of caesaropapism and how the relation thus impacted on his language policies. Following the conception of ＂print capitalism,＂ this article analyzes the practice of how Atatürk and his followers made good use of the mechanism of the public power and print culture to reproduce the knowledge of the national language. through the process of language standardization and practice, the Turkish imagined communities were shaped, the Turkish people and culture were modernized, and the Turkishness was (re)defined.