現行國中自然與生活科技領域教科書「神經系統」單元教材內容分析

The Content Analysis of the 'Nervous System' Unit in Current Versions of Junior High School Science Textbooks

在科學教學與學習的過程中，教科書是教師授課依據，也是學生最主要的科學知識來源，合乎知識邏輯的學習教材是教科書編輯者及教師教學準備極需注意的。本文以現行國民中學自然與生活科技綱要審定本教科書為對象，分析「神經系統」單元章節編排、概念含量、教材組織順序及概念內容。結果顯示三個版本教科書均將神經系統單元編列在上冊「協調作用」章節中，概念類別三個版本皆大同小異。在教材組織順序上，除各版本皆以「刺激與受器」、「動器與反應」為起始，其他概念的組織邏輯則隨不同版本呈現極大差異。概念內容分析結果，三個版本對於「中樞神經」下位概念「腦和脊髓」的組成與功能都有清楚且相似的陳述；但對於「中樞神經」、「周圍神經」的同位關係，以及「周圍神經」的下位概念「腦神經與脊神經、感覺神經與運動神經」的關係，三個版本均未清楚地呈現。本文探討結果可作為教師組織教材與教科書編輯改進的參考。

In the process of science teaching and learning, it is believed that the textbooks are the main sources of teaching and students' concept knowledge learning. The learning materials that adapted to the concept logic are noticeable for the textbook editors and the instructors. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the content and layout of ”nervous system” in three current versions of junior high school science textbooks that were censored based on Curriculum Guidelines of Ministry of Education. It shows that all three versions of textbooks arranged ”nervous system” unit in the chapter of ”regulation” for the employment of first semester science course. Three versions of textbooks reveal similarity in ”nervous system” concept classification, and beginning with the concepts of ”stimulus and receptor” and ”response and effector”. There was a great difference in the logic of concept organization among three versions of textbooks, except ”stimulus and receptor” and ”response and motor” concepts. The results of this study can be reference for the improvement of the textbook editing and the teaching material organizing, as followed. 1. Three versions of textbooks made clear and similar statements of the constitution and functions of ”brain and spinal cord” that belongs to the subordinate concept of ”central nervous system”. 2. Not only the coordinate relationship between concept ”central nervous system” and ”peripheral nervous system” in all the three textbook versions were not made clear and explicit statements but also the relationships between ”sensory neuron, motor neuron and cranial nerve, spinal nerve” that belongs to the subordinate concept of ”peripheral nervous system” were not.