基於乘客心理與公共空間使用之座椅配置設計

Public Seating Designs on the Psychology and Use Behavior of Train Passengers

桌椅設計、佈置，會影響到使用者的心理與行動。就台鐵目前多數車站所設置之一般公共座椅，只能提供單一方向乘坐，限制了使用者的使用方式，也抑制了使用者的需求。為瞭解以何種方式與設計能提供人數不確定的公共空間，自由度高、簡單而美觀的等候座椅。同時滿足使用者的心理需求，並符合公共設施的空間及坐位效率的使用。本研究以『個人空間』(personal space)及『領域性』(territoriality)這兩種不同類型的人際界限理論，採用問卷調查法及投影法，對一般傳統公共座椅設計與新設計之公共等候座椅進行一調查分析。對空間及座位使用效率之分析結果顯示，一般傳統公共座椅一排四人坐設計容易製造出多餘浪費的空間。新設計公共座椅的多面向選擇設計，有利於公共空間使用效益。對使用者心理需求之分析結果顯示，一般傳統公共座椅單一面向的社會離心設計，較不具選擇性，對於使用者的心理需求亦無法滿足。新設計公共座椅之多面向選擇與凹口處特殊設計，讓使用者之入座面向、位子、角度符均具有選擇彈性，符合使用者的心理知覺需求。

Furniture design and layout affects users’ psychology and behaviors. For the time being, most public seats in the Taiwan railway system are designed for a single direction, and hence confine the need of travelers and their way of thinking. Public spaces must be designed to take into account numerous uncertainties, some of which can be simply and beautifully managed through free seating. Public seats can be shaped to satisfy users’ psychological needs while efficiently delineating the use of space and seating in public facilities. Public seat design therefore should entail more in-depth analyses and processes that account for users’ mental impact on space. This study adopted a questionnaire and the projection method to examine the personal space and territoriality of these two theories of human boundaries, with the effect of the traditional seat design and a new design for public waiting areas. The analytical results of the space and seating efficiency showed that a 4-seat row of conventional public seats wastes space. The new public seat design exhibited more options for public space. The user analysis showed that the users’ psychological needs were not being satisfied through the traditional seat design, which is primarily a socially centrifugal, individual-oriented design. The new public seat design exhibited a multifaceted selection and a unique, notched design in which the user’s direction, seating preference, and angle all allow flexibility, thus meeting the users’ psychological needs.