中國犯罪記錄制度的體系化構建－－當前司法改革中裁判文書網路公開的憂思

Systematic Construction Regarding the Chinese Crime Record Regime: Some Thoughts about Publishing Judgment Documents Online in Current Judicial Reform

刑事裁判文書公開經歷了從不公開到有限公開再到當前的全面實名網絡公開三個階段，成為近期司法改革的重點和標誌。犯罪人的身份信息兼具公共屬性和私權性質，而當前司法改革未能準確把握其法律性質和法律評價，在制度設計時，忽視了對犯罪人隱私權的保護，混淆了規範性評價和非規範性評價各自的特徵和功能，使刑事裁判文書公開的正當性出現了欠缺，不僅削弱了刑事裁判文書公開應有的促進司法完善的效果，而且成為未來的中國犯罪記錄制度建構的重大阻礙，成為刑事法治完善進程中的不和諧因素。儘快對當前刑事裁判文書網絡化公開的改革舉措進行調整，在公佈的刑事裁判文書中隱匿犯罪人的姓名，並以此為契機，推動中國犯罪記錄制度的建構，是未來司法改革完善的重要工作。

Criminal judgment has been developed from being classified to being limited open, and now to real-name and all-sided openness online, becoming the highlight of recent judicial reform. Perpetrator's identification possesses both the characteristics of public attributes and private right. Due to the misunderstanding of the private right's nature in law and law evaluation in current judicial reform, perpetrator's private right has been so ignored that confusing the normative evaluations and non-normative evaluations when designing the law system, and the criminal judgment is being challenged, which has not only undermined its original function of improving the law system but also impeded the construction of Chinese future criminal law development, becoming negative factors when improving Chinese criminal law system as well. The judicial reforms of criminal judgment, in which perpetrators' name are hided and so as to build Chinese criminal record system, are required when improving Chinese future law system.