行政權運作與地方治理：臺灣與羅馬尼亞的能源案例分析

Executive Power Operation and Local Governance: Case Studies of Energy Issues in Taiwan and in Romania

本文挑選臺灣與羅馬尼亞近年受到高度關注的能源議題，分析地方基層的意見主張在行政部門介入主導下，所呈現的治理型態為何。本文由治理理論之區別及探討，描繪兩國行政權內部互動與地方基層的三角關係；並且，藉由中央地方關係再界定，本文也企圖論證，在臺灣與羅馬尼亞這兩個單一制、且近年皆強調地方分權的國家中，當同時面對涉及國家利益與地方利益的議題，雙元行政權的制度框架以及行政與立法兩權互動關係，不但創造了執政者意見轉圜的空間，也成為中央如何授權地方政府之重要依據。另外，由於能源議題經常關係到「經濟發展」與「環境保護」等爭議，本文也透過臺灣與羅馬尼亞的例子，解釋在中央主導的治理過程中，為何導致這兩個面向難以相容。

Taking the hotly debated energy issues in Taiwan and in Romania as its research focus, this paper attempts to analyze how executive powers from the central government intervene in local governance and politics. This paper firstly draws on governance theory to delineate the triangular power relation among the two executive heads, namely the president and the premier, and local grass-roots governance, in Taiwan and in Romania. It is argued that for Taiwan and Romania, as the unitary state that emphasizes decentralization, when it comes to issues concerning both national and local interests, the two-headed executive framework and executive-legislative interaction do influence the leading executive's policy, as well as the central government's instruction to the local government. Based on the cases of energy controversy in the two countries, this paper also suggests that the executive heads' power relation and their political interests are main factors which put energy issues in the dilemma of promoting economic development or advocating environmental protection.