從教育中立原則檢討「靜思語教學」之合憲性

Study on Constitutionality of 'Jing Si Aphorism Instruction' by Neutrality of Education

「靜思語」是佛教慈濟功德會證嚴法師平時所說有關鼓勵或教誨的言辭，而「靜思語教學」是將慈濟證嚴法師所為的言辭加以開展，也就是國中小教師為讓學生在生活中落實「靜思語」，以「靜思語」為教學教材所進行的一種教學活動。其實，從「靜思語教學」的內容；實施「靜思語教學」的教師背景；靜思語教師研習營的研習活動觀之，其背後都有隱藏著佛教的色彩。依據《憲法》第十三條規定：「人民有信仰宗教之自由。」及《教育基本法》第六條規定：「教育應本中立原則。學校不得為特定政治團體或宗教信仰從事宣傳，主管教育行政機關及學校亦不得強迫學校行政人員、教師及學生參加任何政治團體或宗教活動。」那麼，「靜思語教學」是否已違反《憲法》第十三條信仰宗教自由及《教育基本法》第六條有關教育的宗教中立原則的規定，有必要予以釐清。故本文首先就「靜思語教學」做簡單介紹，其中包括「靜思語教學」的源起、特色、方法；其次，探究教育的宗教中立原則與信仰宗教自由的意涵；最後，再從教育的宗教中立原則及內心信仰宗教自由等兩個層面，來論述「靜思語教學」的合憲性。

”Jing Si Aphorism” is a collection of quotations of teachings by Master Cheng Yen of Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation to her disciples and the public. ”Jing Si Aphorism instruction” is the promotion of the citation. In order to allow the students to implement ”Jing Si Aphorism” in daily lives, junior high and elementary school teachers treat ”Jing Si Aphorism” as a kind of teaching material. In fact, the content of ”Jing Si Aphorism instruction”, background of the teachers who implement ”Jing Si Aphorism instruction” and the activities of teachers' studies in Jing Si Aphorism imply the Buddhism. Whether ”Jing Si Aphorism instruction” violate Article 13 of the Constitution (freedom in religious belief) and Article 6 of the Basic Law of Education (religious neutrality of education) should be clarified. Thus, this study first briefly introduces ”Jing Si Aphorism instruction”, including the history, characteristics and methods of ”Jing Si Aphorism instruction”. Secondly, religious neutrality of education and freedom in religious belief are explored. Finally, this paper attempts to find out if ”Jing Si Aphorism instruction” violates the students' religious freedom by the perspectives of religious neutrality of education and freedom in religious belief.