唐前志怪小說復仇內涵之探析

The Analysis of Revenge Contents in Pre-Tang Zhiguai

本文先點出復仇和儒家的關餘，並因鬼靈復仇以魏晉南北朝最多，進而思考為何六朝志怪中有如此多的復仇故事？究竟復什麼仇？想表達什麼？而復仇者不僅是一般討論的鬼靈，精怪、神靈等亦會復仇，祂們的復仇方式有無差異？放在當時背景又有什麼意義等等？因而，本文擬以六朝志怪小說為主，輔以先秦兩漢相關資料，從「變化復仇：強死為厲」、「禁忌觸犯：神鬼懲罰」、「戲諱心態：遊戲為文」三部分，試探究唐前志怪小說的復仇內涵。最終得出志怪小說的復仇更多傾向於一種鬼神報復，是一種象徵意義大於實質意義的報復。

This article points out the relationship between Confucianism and revenge， and ponders why there are so many revenge stories in the Six Dynasties. What are these revenges? What do they stand for? The Avenger includes not only the Ghost， but also the Spirit and God. What are the differences between these revenges? What are the significances of these revenges if they are explored in the contemporary socio-cultural contexts? Therefore， this article intends to analyze the revenge contents of Zhiguai， that is， mystery novels in Wei， Jin and North-South dynasties， an analysis supplemented by relevant information from Qin and Han dynasties. This article is divided into three parts entitled the ＂change revenge: the death of Li Qiang，＂ ＂violate taboos: ghost punishment＂， ＂playful attitude: Games for the text＂ to explore the connotation of revenge in Pre-Tang mystery novels. This article comes up with the conclusion that the revenges in the mystery novels are often revenges from the ghost or spirits and are retaliations that have more symbolic than literal meanings.