商標共存法律問題探析

Coexistence of Trademark Legal Issues Analysis

商標共存，簡而言之，是指不同的市場主體，在相同或類似的商品或服務上，善意地使用相同或近似的商標，並不導致混淆而使商標合法共存的情形。過去，我國對於商標共存沒有明確的立法規定，近似商標侵權的判定標準有失偏頗，“近似”和“混淆”的關係也有錯位的嫌疑，這導致立法和實踐中對於近似商標共存或侵權的判定有些脫節和混亂，不利於市場秩序和消費者權益的保護。近年來，域內外大量出現的商標共存實例或判例為我國立法者和裁判者理清思路、重新認識商標的基本功能和商標侵權理論提供了契機。2013年修訂的《商標法》明確了商標先用權制度，並正式將混淆可能性理論引入立法。這為商標共存提供了明確的法律制度空間。但新《商標法》並沒有明確提出商標共存的概念，商標共存理論和制度體系仍然留有很大空白。通過對域內外商標共存理論和實踐的研究，旨在為完善我國商標共存制度提出一些淺見。

Trademark coexistence refers to identical or similar trademark on the same or similar goods belonging to different enterprise legitimately coexist. However, China trademark law system lacks regulation for trademark coexistence, and criterion for trademark infringement is too vague. The relationship of “similar”and“confusion”is misleading. The instances of trademark coexistence that happened in recent years around the world, provide the opportunity for Chinese lawmakers and judges to clarify their thinking and recognize trademark’s basic function and the theory of trademark infringement. The prior trademark right is regulated by the revised trademark law of China in 2013, which aims to balance the right between trademark register and trademark prior user. But the concept of trademark coexistence is not regulated in the law, so the author will ifnd out the problems in the new law system and try to solve them with positive suggestions.