“競技無版權”之檢視－－由第九套廣播體操案引出

Competitions are not Subject to Copyright Protection: From the Review of the 9th Broadcast Gymnastic Case

第九套廣播體操案提出了體育動作是否構成作品的問題，該案的審理思路是從作品要件出發，從而否定了體育動作的作品性。然而，版權法傳統理論對此的解釋存在一定的片面性。“思想－－表達二分法”應用於體育領域，面臨界線模糊和標準不一等問題。獨創性的要求在體育領域也有其特殊性。體育動作本身常不乏獨創性，只是從競技的目的出發，需要進行限制，但體育尤其是群眾體育又有表演性的一面。從功利主義的產業政策出發，體育動作的保護成為產業發展的需要，著作權制度是一種可能的選擇。由此，可區分體育的不同特點，制定不同的保護方式。

The 9th Radio Gymnastic Exercises case has raised the issue of whether a sports movement constitutes a copyrightable work. The court concluded that sports movements are not copyrightable works. However traditional copyright law theory’s explanation of sports movements has a certain one-sidedness. If the “ideaexpression dichotomy” is used in the field of sports, then it will cause complications such as blurred boundaries and different standards. The requirement of originality also has unique implications concerning the field of sports. Sports movements usually do not lack originality, and are only restricted in relation to athletics. However, some mass sports have a performance aspect. The copyright system is a possible choice for the furtherance of utilitarian industrial policies when the protection of sports movements becomes part of industrial development. Therefore, the different characteristics of types of sports movements lead to different forms of protection.