3D打印技術發展與專利法回應

Three-Dimensional Printing Technology and Patent Law

3D打印技術在改變制造業基礎設施的配置、原材料的供應鏈和產品銷售模式的同時，也對現行專利法律制度形成了沖擊和挑戰。在3D打印技術領域，如何在激勵創新與防止潛在的非法複製之間實現平衡，廓清合法的“修理”和不合法的“再造”之間的界限以及以“非生產經營目的”的個人打印是否構成侵權等問題亟待專利法律制度的回應。面對3D打印技術帶來的機遇與挑戰，立法者應重新審視《專利法》的制度基礎，在平衡技術革新和其他社會、經濟價值的基礎上，推動3D打印技術和專利法律制度間的互動演進式發展。

3D printing technology is altering the traditional allocation of manufacturing infrastructure, raw material supply chain and the model of sales activity. It challenges the existing patent law. In the field of 3D printing technology, the patent system is expected to respond to some issues, including how to achieve a balance between the prevention of illegal use and innovation incentive, how to clear the boundaries of legal “repair” and illegal “reconstruction”, how to define “noncommercial purposes” and so on. For new opportunities and challenges raised by 3D printing technology, legislators should re-examine the foundation of the patent system and push the interactional and evolutionary development of 3D printing technology and patent law on the basis of balancing technology innovation and other social and economic value.