論專利說明書對權利要求保護範圍的解釋作用－－以客觀主義與主觀主義的博弈為視角

Interpretation of Patent Claims to Define the Patent’s Protection Scope: Objectivism Versus Subjectivism

由於專利制度以公開換取壟斷的契約作為理論基礎，故可以從合同角度，以客觀主義與主觀主義的博弈關係入手分析權利要求保護範圍解釋的法理基礎。權利要求保護範圍的解釋需要具備一定的前提條件。只有在權利要求的術語存在特定含義、或者說明書明確放棄某些技術方案、或者權利要求所包含的某些技術方案無法實現、或者權利要求的術語存在多種含義等情況下，才應當對權利要求進行解釋。如果權利要求可能有多種解釋方法，應當採用能夠將實施例包括在內的解釋，即權利要求解釋的結果應當能夠將實施例包含在保護範圍之內。在綜合考慮所要解決的技術問題和所能達到的技術效果後，明顯不能成立的技術方案不應解釋在權利要求的保護範圍之內。

Regarding the patent system takes the contract theory of publication for monopoly as theoretical basis, the game of objectivism and subjectivism could be used as an approach to the jurisprudential foundation for analyzing the protection scope. This approach indicates that the protection scope should be explained on the condition of the specific meanings of terms, the abandonment of some technical solutions, the un-achievement of some technical solutions, or the ambiguous terms in the technical solutions. If the explanation of claims has multiple methods, the explanation of embodiments should be applied, which requires the result includes the embodiments. After considering the technical problems and the technical effects, the technical solution which obviously could not be achieved should not be taken as the result of explanation to the protection scope of claims.