國際政治的特殊國家關係

Special Relationships between States Under International Politics

在人類所形成的國際社會裡，國家一直是最基本的成員與角色扮演者，而主權國家的數目也不斷發展與增加，特別是在二十世紀成長最快。如果不以加入聯合國與否，而單以1933 年簽訂《蒙特維多國家權利義務公約》所規定的國家要件，即具備人民、領土、主權政府與他國交往之能力即算是國家來看，則國家的數目將超越200 以上。然而，國家間的關係並非都是一成不變的，檢視世界各國與鄰國的關係，吾人可以發現因為歷史、政治、文化、地緣政治因素，從而擁有特殊關係(Special Relationship)的國家並不在少數。本文將介紹美國與英國、俄羅斯與白俄羅斯、澳洲與紐西蘭、芬蘭與蘇聯、法國與德國等十國的特殊關係實例，從國際政治的觀點來觀察國家間的關係，以建立可供參考之經驗。

Within the international society that formed by human activities, States by far are the basic members and play the most fundamental role. The number of States has also kept increasing especially in the 20th century. Regardless of United Nations’ membership, if we only judge by the elements of State provided by 1933 Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, that is, population, territory, sovereign government and ability to establish foreign relation, there are more than 200 States in nowadays international society. However, relations among States will not stop changing. If we review the relations between State all over the world and their neighbor States, one can find out the number of States that have special relationship with other States by historical, political, cultural, geopolitical reasons are absolutely not few cases. This article will introduce several examples that states possessing special relationship with other like USA and UK, Russia and Belarus, Australia and New Zealand, Finland and Soviet Union, France and Germany, etc. from the perspective of international politics for readers’ reference.