商務漢語拒絕言語行為研究

The Study of Refusal Speech Act in Business Chinese

在商務漢語的學習中，語用策略是最難教授也是最難學習的一節，卻又是不可缺少的。而拒絕是眾多言語行為中較為複雜，難以公式化的一類。因此，有必要先歸納出漢語母語者在商業上的拒絕策略，進而教授給商務漢語課上的學生。本研究設計結合兩種性別、三種社會地位及四種情境的語篇補全測驗（DCT）請40位商業人士作答。研究問題欲探討商業人士對不同社會地位的對象採用的不同拒絕策略，以及不同性別的商業人士所採取的拒絕策略。研究結果發現，當拒絕者處於較高地位時採用拖延戰術、允諾條件、表達善意和假同意策略；處於較低地位時使用外在阻因、表示道歉、提供選擇或補償的策略；處於地位相等時，則用提供建議、減輕負擔和外在阻因三種策略。男性是資訊取向式地以內、外在阻因拒絕，女性是情感取向式地以道歉、表達善意拒絕。前人研究多是比較在不同語言文化中或不同情境下一般人使用拒絕策略的差異，較少從社會地位或針對某一專業領域人士的言語作深入研究。本文研究在漢語商業環境中受地位和性別影響的語用結果，並編制的商業拒絕言語行為分類表，以冀能作為後人相關研究之參考。

This study investigates the gender and the social status factors within the speech act of refusals by Chinese businessmen. Questionnaires of Discourse Completion Test were designed to elicit noncompliance based on the combination of 4 situations, 3 statuses and 2 genders. A quantitative analysis shows that the formulas the most frequently adopted by the male are “Impeding event” and “Suggestion”, but “Statement of regret” and “Acceptance (that functions as re-fusals)” by the female. This finding indicates that the male are informa-tion-oriented and the female are affection-oriented. Moreover, it is proved that businessmen of different social status prefer different refusal formula. A proposal of developing pragmatic competence in Chinese language learning is suggested to bridge linguistic knowledge and language use.