漢語教學四大原則與法國經驗

Four Principles of Chinese Language Teaching: Feedback from a France Experience

根據漢語教學研究至今對漢字教學的討論及啟發，特別是關於承認漢字特殊性的學說所帶來的影響，本文擬定了對外漢語教學四項有助於有效學習漢語的基本教學原則。分別為「字本位、語文分步、集中識字、區別主動書寫字及被動認讀字」。此四項基本原則在教學仁應當視教學目標、學生的學習狀況及條件、學習背景及環境等適時靈活調整、恰當地運用。除簡略介紹此四項教學原則外，並提供今天法國的漢語教學界對此四項教學法的實際經驗。

Based on existing research on teaching and learning of Chinese as a foreign language, especially from the point of view of promoting the specificity of the Chinese characters, this paper presents four basic principles for teaching Chinese language as a second language. These principles are 'focus on teaching the characters', 'distinguish oral and written abilities', 'select order and nature of the characters to be taught' and 'integrate the distinction between active an passive characters acquisition'. Built on these four basic principles, an appropriate teaching ought to adapt them according to the student profile and learning context. This articles provides also a feedback from nearly ten years of teaching Chinese as a second language in the light of these four principles. This work may pave the way for comparative studies from experience in other countries as well as an approach to classifiy existing teaching mettods based on their compilance with these principles.