「同樣、相同」不「一樣」：表相似近義詞指稱功能辨析

Tongyang and Xiangtong are not Yiyang: The Referential Differences of

《現代漢語詞典》以「一樣」註解「相同」，以「同樣」註解「一樣」，再以「相同」註解「同樣」，形成如下釋義循環「相同→一樣→同樣→相同」。本文通過語料庫研究，統計「相同、一樣、同樣」在自然語料中的句法功能分佈及使用頻率，藉以審視詞典近義詞釋義是否編列得當，用法範例典型與否，期能提升詞典釋義內容。繼而兩兩比較，針對相同的句法功能檢測搭配詞語和句式差異，從中析取不同的指稱功能，包括互指、遍指、內指及外指，釐清這組表近似形容詞間的詞義分工，提供華語詞義教學可操作辨識標準。

This paper aims to examine how near synonyms are used to define each other, and how illustrative examples are build in Chinese dictionaries. Although XIANGTONG, YIYANG and TONGYANG all mean “the same”, they are not always exchangeable. An examination of the syntactic functions, the occurrence frequency, and most of all, the collocation relationship of this synonymous set in the SINICA Corpus unveils their different referential properties: XIANGTONG denotes reciprocal and internal reading, YIYANG conveys distributive and external reading, while the compound term TONGYANG indicates the reciprocal and external reading.