公平責任原則在我國的司法適用

The Judicial Application of the Principle of Equitable Liability in China

本文首先簡要梳理了我國學界普遍認為的體現公平責任的法律條款，然後對該責任原則在司法實踐中的具體適用狀況一查究竟。收集大量司法實務中適用《民法通則》第132 條和《侵權責任法》第24 條的案件，並對這些案件進行歸納，作出類型化的總結。拋開理論上的既有成見，肯定有的司法適用的可取之處，指出有的實務做法的不當之處。從中讀者可以看到公平責任的司法適用狀況其實大大偏離於法律明文規定的情形，它在司法實踐中被廣泛適用於各類型的案件，著實煥發了生命力，成為解決很多疑難問題的利劍。大大突破了我國學界所熱議的其是否屬於《侵權責任法》的歸責原則，是否具有獨立地位的討論，簡單來說，它的司法適用狀況完全扭轉了其在學界不受待見的尷尬處境。

At the beginning. this thesis firstly gathers those commonly recognized as law provisions based on equitable liability. Then the legal practice applying equitable liability will be studied. A large number of cases applying provision 132 in General Principles of the Civil Law and provision 24 in Tort Law shall be collected and generalized in terms of kind. Regardless of the existed prejudice. both the desirable aspects and inappropriate aspects shall be pointed out. Out of this. the readers will find that the legal practice of equitable liability in fact deviates from the regulations explicitly stipulated by law. Equitable liability is widely applied in lots of kinds of cases and takes great effect in dealing with the disputes in these cases. This phenomenon is totally beyond the discussion of whether equitable liability belongs to the liability doctrine of Tort Law and whether it has independent status in academic circle. In simple terms. the judicial practice of equitable liability reverses the embarrassed status of this liability in academic circle.