英國陪審制與歐陸糾問制探源

The Source of Jury System in Britain and the Inquisitorial Procedures in Continental Europe

12世紀中葉以前，英國和歐陸各國的審判制度本是相同的，實行的都是神判法、公證昭雪法等原始審判方法。12世紀後期到13世紀初，在共同的古代宣誓調查法的基礎上，英國建立起了陪審制，而歐陸各國卻在宗教邊害政策和羅馬法之證據法原則的介入下走上了糾問制道路。造成這一不同選擇的直接原因是英王亨利二世搶先一步實行了司法改革，從而使英國跳出了歐洲司法制度發展的普遍道路，但深層原因是英國的地緣條件以及由此造成的封閉保守型文化傳統，使它有可能擺脫歐陸宗教紛爭和羅馬證據法的影響，較多地保留了自身的古代法律傳統。

Before middle period of the 12th century, the trial system in Britain and the various countries of Continental Europe were all the same, that was the primitively trial methods such as the compurgation and ordeals. From the later stage of 12th century to 13th century beginning, at the common foundation of the ancient Sworn Inquest, Britain set up the jury system, but the various countries of Continental Europe took the road of the inquisitorial procedures by the involvement of the religious persecuting policy and evidence law of the Rome law. The immediate cause that made this different choice was the Henry II’s judicial reform in advance which made Britain jump out the general road of judicial system development of Europe, but the deep reason was that the geocondition of Britain and close-conservative type cultural tradition made Britain get rid of the religious dispute and influence of Rome’s evidence law of Continental Europe, had kept one’s own ancient legal tradition more.