民法典總則的存廢論－－以民法典總則與親屬法的關係為視野

General Civil Code: Retention or Abrogation

歷史傳統和現實國情決定民法法典化是我國民事立法的必然趨勢，但《德國民法典》代表的“總則－－分則”編纂模式、以民法典總則編統帥財產法和身份法的潘德克吞體系，並非最好的選擇。相反，由於財產法和身份法立法原則的不同－－物權法和債法是按照法律效果類似原則構建的，親屬法是依據生活事實類似原則構建的，民法典總則編基本不適用親屬法。由於財產關係本質上是作為的、便宜的、目的的結合，是因偶然的動機而結合，而身份關係是自然的、必然的、本質的結合，是一種不得不結合的社會關係。財產關係和身份關係的主體、客體、內容以及引起財產關係和身份關係的主要法律事實－－財產行為和身份行為，都存在著顯著的差異，由此導致在財產法和身份法之間難以建立“共同的規定（總則）”。 既然民法典總則實際上是一個財產法總則，基本不能適用於身份法，而身份法又是近現代民法的重要組成部分。因此，不設立總則、改設序編，或許是擺脫潘德克吞體系固有矛盾的有效途徑。

History tradition and reality state of the nation decision conditions of China’s Civil Code is the inevitable trend of civil legislation, but《German Civil Code》, the representative of the “total-cent” compile mode, with General civil code plait commander-in-chief property law and identity law of the t Pan Deke swallow system, is not the best option. On the contrary, because the property law and the identity law of the different legislative principle-- real and credit in accordance with the legal effect of law is similar to the principle of the Construction, law of domestic relation of the facts of life is based on similar principles of the Construction, General Civil Code does not apply for domestic relation law, As property relations as the essence, cheaper, purpose, the combination is a result of accidental combination of motives, and the status of identity relations is a natural, inevitable, and the combination of nature, a kind of society that have to combine relation. The body, contents of the corpus, guest of property relation and identity relation and the main legal fact which caused property relations and the status of identity relations-- property behavior and identity behavior, there is a significant difference, so it is difficult to establish “Common provisions” between property law and identity law. Since the General Civil Code is actually a property laws General, the basic law can not be applied to identity law, and identity law in modern law is an important part of civil law. Therefore, not establish a gengral provisions and change to establish a preface plait may be a valid path out of Pan Deke swallow contradictions inherent in the system.