旅遊合同研究－－理論與實務的雙重視角

A Study on Tour Contracts --From Theoretical and Practical Points of View

我國已成為一個旅遊大國，但旅遊立法卻嚴重滯後，旅遊合同至今仍屬無名合同。學界對旅遊合同的研究相當薄弱，尚未為立法活動提供有力的理論支持，旅遊合同糾紛案件的審理也成了司法實踐中較為棘手的難題。本文根據合同法的基本原理，結合旅遊合同典型案例，從理論和實務的雙重視角，對我國旅遊合同的相關法律問題進行了研究。全文除引言和結語外，共分四個章節。第一部分是旅遊合同概述。結合兩大法系具有代表性的國家、地區的旅遊合同立法、學說和判例，從旅遊合同的概念、特徵、性質和法律關係入手，把握對立法和司法具有指導意義的基本理論問題。第二部分為對旅遊合同案例的實務研究。通過對旅遊合同糾紛典型案例的實務研討，運用案例研究的方法展開進一步分析，力圖在既有的法律框架內解決實務問題。第三部分主要論述旅遊合同糾紛案件的法律適用。遵循無名合同的法律適用原則，引入民法解釋學的方法探討旅遊合同糾紛案件的法律適用。第四部分是旅遊合同的立法構想。結合幾個涉及旅遊合同的立法草案，從內容到形式提出旅遊合同的立法構想，以期促進未來的旅遊合同立法，並主張由最高人民法院制定司法解釋作為過渡性的立法方案，以應對解決司法糾紛的迫切需要。本文遵循實用主義的司法理念，嘗試以有別於學者的視角來研究旅遊合同，無論是旅遊合同基本理論問題的定性分析還是具體案例的實務處理，乃至立法建議的提出，都強調以司法為中心，突出司法的作用和影響力。力求在解決旅遊合同糾紛的同時，為理論發展提供基礎，為立法創造條件，體現司法者應有的責任和貢獻。

As a country with booming tourism, China badly lacks of corresponding legislation in this area. Tour contracts still belong to unnamed contracts. Research concerning tour contracts is too weak to provide potent theoretical supports for legislation. It is an intractable problem to judge cases of tour contracts in judicial practice. Based on principles of contract law and combined with typical cases of tour contracts, this thesis researches into relevant legal problems of tour contracts from theoretical and practical points of view. It is divided into four chapters besides introduction and conclusion. Chapter One is an outline of tour contracts. Starting with the definition, the characteristics, the nature and the legal relationship of tour contracts, this chapter discusses the basic theoretical problems which can provide guidance for legislation and justice, combined with legislations, theories and judgments of the representative countries and areas of two different legal systems. Chapter Two focus on the judgments on cases of tour contracts. Through practical researching on typical disputes about tour contracts, this chapter makes a further analysis by means of studying on cases in order to solve the problem under the existing framework of law. Chapter Three is with regard to the application of law to tour contracts. Following the principle of application of law of unnamed contracts, this chapter discusses the application of law to tour contracts by introducing the means of the hermeneutics of civil law. Chapter Four provides legislative conception for tour contracts. Linked with several legislative drafts of tour contracts law, this chapter provides legislative perspectives for tour contracts from content to formality so as to accelerate legislation in the future. The Supreme Court should enact judicial interpretations as the transition legislative approach in order to cope with the urgent demand of settling tour contracts disputes. Following the legal concept of pragmatism, this thesis focuses on the judicial practice and gives prominence to judicial function and influence. Therefore, it is from the different point of view to discuss basic theoretical problem and judicial practice of dealing with tour contracts and even bring forward the legislative conception. This thesis does its best to provide a basis for theory development, and make a good condition for legislation which embodies the responsibilities and contributions of judiciary.