論法律上的歸屬

法律上的歸屬包括權利客體的歸屬，權利的歸屬，財產的歸屬和人身的歸屬，最終都表現為權利的歸屬。主體對自己的人身的權利，不存在歸屬權和非歸屬權的區別。主體使用物和智力成果的權利，可分為歸屬權、非歸屬權，以及對他人客體的許可使用權。歸屬權是權利客體歸屬於權利主體之權利，權能完全，權利主體在法律許可的範圍內享有對客體的完全行為資格，是自主支配自己之“物”的權利。非歸屬權是權利客體不歸屬於權利主體之權利，權能不完全，權利主體在法律許可的範圍內享有對客體的不完全行為資格，是自主支配他人之“物”的權利。他人客體之許可使用權是許可使用他人客體的權利，使用對象歸屬於他人，也不是使用人的權利客體，使用人必須按照使用對象歸屬權人的意志使用標的物，但權利的交換價值歸屬於使用人。

Legal belongingnesses involve belongingness of the objects of right, belongingness of right, belongingness of property and belongingness of personality and status, which all ultimately manifest as belongingness of right. There is no classification of right of belongingness or right of nonbelongingness as to right of personality and status of one’s own. Right of subject to use things or intellectual property can be classified into right of belongingness, right of nonbelongingness and right to use others’ object under permission. In the context of the right of belongingness, the right’s object belongs to the right’s subject, and its powers and functions are complete, therefore the subject enjoys complete behavioural qualifications toward the object under statutory limits. This is a right to control his own “thing” independently. In the context of right of nonbelongingness, the object doesn’t belong to the subject, and its powers and functions are incomplete, therefore the subject only enjoys incomplete behavioural qualifications toward the object under statutory limits. This is a right to control others’ “thing” independently. Right to use others’object under permission is a right permitted to use others’object, and as the subject matter belongs to other subjects, not user, the latter must comply with the owner’s will who owns the subject matter, while the exchange value of the right goes to the user.