達悟人對現代環境治理的回應及永續性環境治理之開展

Tao People’s Response to Modern Environmental Governance and the Development of the Sustainable Environmental Governance

傳統生態知識的運用讓達悟人在這島上生存超過千年。原生在地的知識隨著時間與空間的驗證，形成達悟人對當地自然環境獨有的絕佳適應力及韌性能力，這並非現代環境治理及其背後去在地脈絡化的知識所能達成。本文擬呈現達悟人傳統生態知識多元動態地規律人與環境互動的內涵，來對照全球化下當前國家在人之島行使的現代環境治理，時值島嶼面臨環境議題與社會變遷劇烈嚴重之勢，期能藉由立基於傳統生態知識的在地觀點，回應並調整現代環境治理，提出達悟人所期盼的永續家園環境治理模式。達悟部落社會順應飛魚季節天時與自然環境，經千百年考驗所建立的歲時祭儀規範，調和現代治理制度，復振部落社會組織活力，轉化為達悟自主治理的規範運作，才能解除現代國家由上而下人定外部規範，除權達悟社會的政府機構運作，人文與自然去脈絡化所造成的環境治理危機。

The environment and society of Pongso no Tao’s (Lanyu Island) are facing serious challenges today. Modern environmental governance interfered and replaced Tao people’s traditional ecological knowledge and its practices. The people’s power and ability of taking care of and guarding natural environment and their own society have been deprived. This study presents the connotation of Tao traditional ecological knowledge of multivariate dynamic interactions with the environment. Pongso no Tao is facing the environmental issues and social changes under the control of modern environmental governance in the current state and impact of Globalization. It is expected that could be transformed based on traditional ecological knowledge in viewpoint of Tao people with response to and adjustment of modern environmental governance. Finally, to propose the governance model of sustainable homeland environment which Tao people are looking forward to. Tao people practice traditional ecological knowledge that has helped them to survive more than thousand years. The knowledge of Tao places in time and space, with uniquely formation of the Tao to the local natural environment adaptability and excellent resilience. That is not the de-contextualized modern environmental governance and its background knowledge can achieve.