《易經》在近世琉球的流傳概述

A Historical Overview of the Yijing in the Ryukyu Kingdom in the Early Modern Period

近世琉球儒學重經世致用，以入門書及作為科舉教材的宋注最受歡迎。學者篤信程朱之學，未能發展出自己的解說。琉球儒學的特色同樣在近世琉球的《易經》流傳中呈現。《易經》並非受歡迎的儒典，琉球人沒有翻印中國《易》著，亦沒有出現《易》學專家及著作。不過與《易經》相關的陰陽五行說及卜筮對琉球民俗卻有很大影響，而且有相當程度跟本土文化融合，被琉球人應用於風水、占卜、民間信仰、醫學及建築等不同領域，成為琉球本土文化的一部分。本研究透過近世琉球、中國、日本三方的原始文獻，試圖勾劃《易經》在琉球流傳的歷史輪廓，特別探討其傳播的途徑及對琉球思想文化的影響。此研究有助瞭解琉球人對《易經》的態度與應用以及琉球儒學的特色。

Confucianism in the Ryukyu Kingdom in the early modern period put emphasis on practical knowledge rather than scholarship. Introductory texts and Song commentaries for the civil service examinations were particularly well received. Ryukyu scholars relied too much on the interpretations of Zhu Xi (1130-1200) and Cheng Yi (1033-1107), and thus few demonstrated a high level of originality in their readings of Confucian classics. The Yijing was not a very popular text in early modern Ryukyu. Scholars there did not reprint Chinese commentaries or write their own commentaries. However, the yinyang wuxing theory and divination associated with the Yijing were influential in Ryukyuan folklore. Applied to geomancy, folk religion, medicine, and architecture, they were incorporated into Ryukyu traditions. Based on primary sources written in early modern Ryukyu, China, and Japan, this study aims to outline the history of the Yijing in the Ryukyu Kingdom in the early modern period, focusing on its popularity and impact. It has implications for understanding the characteristics of Confucianism and the popularization of the Yijing in the Ryukyu Kingdom.