二十一世紀臺灣青少年性別角色態度之形成與變遷

The Gender-Role Attitudes Construction from Adolescence to Young Adulthood in the 21th Century’s Taiwan

本研究利用2000-2011臺灣青少年生命歷程研究的縱貫性調查資料，探討臺灣在進入21世紀的社會轉型中青少年性別角色態度的型塑機制及其變遷軌跡。研究結果指出青少年比成人傾向自主的性別角色態度，而且女性較男性認同自主的性別角色。根據社會化理論及處境論（象徵互動理論）的觀點並應用成長曲線模型分析青少年成長的生命歷程中家庭、學校、社區以及成年後的生活經驗對性別角色態度的影響，發現父母自身的性別角色態度對青少年男女的性別角色態度皆有顯著的傳遞作用，其他家庭背景及學校教育因素的影響因性別而異。而父母角色示範作用僅在青少年早期有顯著影響，隨著青少年的成長，父母價值觀念及家庭文化內涵比父母角色示範的影響更大。成長曲線模型的分析結果進一步指出青少年早期形成的性別角色態度會在後來經歷的處境中調整、再現或轉向。在國中以後的生活經驗比原生家庭社會化背景更明顯的影響成長階段及成年初期的性別角色態度。本文並討論原生家庭的社會化經驗對於個人性別角色態度變遷的長程及隱微的影響。

Using data from a panel survey of Taiwanese youth conducted between 2000 and 2011, we investigate the formation of adolescents’ gender-role attitudes, and the stability and change in attitudes during their transition to adulthood based on socialization and situational theories. Our data indicate that adolescent attitudes are increasingly egalitarian compared to those held by adults. According to latent growth models, socialization exerts a significant effect on adolescent attitudes, but with significant differences between females and males. Further, we found that parental attitudes are central to the formation of attitudes among both young females and males, with family cultural contexts as better predictors than parental role modeling as adolescents age. Last, the findings suggest that current life situation is a better predictor of adolescent gender-role attitudes than family background during the transition to adulthood. The long-term influences of early family socialization on the adolescents' attitudes are discussed.