困境與出路：涉外合同法律選擇補充性規則的理解與運用

Dilemma and Solutions： Understanding and Application of the Supplementary Rules on Choice of Law in Foreign-Related Contract—A Comments on Merits and Faults of Provisions of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Application of Laws to Foreign-Related Civil Relations

近年來，將意思自治原則作為涉外合同法律運用的首要原則已成為通說，在當事人對合同運用的法律未達成一致的情形下，運用何種規則作為補充則成為多年來困擾理論界與實務界的難題。對此，司法實踐可謂亂象頻生，並直接導致大規模運用中國法的結果。2011年4月1日起施行的《中華人民共和國涉外民事關係法律運用法》（以下簡稱《涉外民事關係法律運用法》）創新地將特徵性履行規則與最密切關係的原則作為涉外合同法律運用的補充性規則，然而對兩者關係卻語焉不詳。本文從司法實踐中的突出問題入手，分析了我國《涉外民事關係法律運用法》相關條文的得失，並勾勒出較為清晰的涉外合同法律選擇補充性規則的框架輪廓。

Nowadays the Principle of Party Autonomy becomes the first principle of application of laws to foreign-related contract. But when parties have no agreement on the application of law, which are the supplementary rules is still controversial. And it becomes a big problem for Chinese judges, who prefer to apply the laws of China under such situation. The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Application of Laws to Foreign-related Civil Relations has made the Doctrine of Characteristic Performance and the Doctrine of the Most Significant Relationship as the supplementary rules of application of laws to foreign-related contract. Unfortunately it remains largely unanswered as to the relationship between the two Doctrines. This article begins with the outstanding problems in judicial practice, analyses merits and faults of the relevant provisions of Law of the People’s Republic of China on Application of Laws to Foreign-Related Civil Relations, and attempts to make a clear framework on the supplementary rules on choice of law in foreign-related contract.