杜哈回合之《貿易便利化協定》探析

Analysis on the Trade Facilitation Agreement of Doha Round

《貿易便利化協定》是“巴厘一攬子協定”的一部分，將依據《WTO協議》第10.3條的規定經過2/3多數成員接受後，作為修正案併入《WTO協定》附件1A(GATT 1994)，並於2015年7月31日之前正式實施。《協定》是完成多哈發展議程的重要基石，預計能極大地促進國際貿易增長。《協定》除致力於貿易便利化措施的各種具體安排之外，為突出多哈回合的“發展”特色，在有關發展中成員特殊與差別待遇、能力建設及技術援助、例外及豁免、爭端解決等項制度安排上有諸多獨特之處，作出了許多前所未有的突破。但是，這些安排能否真正促進發展中國家的對外貿易增長，緩解發展中國家實施《協定》所面臨的巨大執行負擔，仍有待實踐檢驗。

Trade Facilitation Agreement, part of “Bali package”, estimated to promote international trade greatly, is a foundation of completing the Doha Development Round. The key accomplishment of Trade Facilitation Agreement is the inclusion of specific measures to help developing countries build capacity and implement the provisions of the agreement. It also takes into consideration regulatory concerns of WTO members, through the extension of the applicability of the general GATT exceptions to the new agreement. Given the current internal imbalance in the proposed agreement as well as the serious implementation challenges it poses, the effect of those specific-designed mechanism remain to be tested by practice.