打造科技、打造人：後進實驗室的追趕實作文化與人材培育

Making Technoscience and its Practitioner: The “Fast Following” Culture of Practice and the Trainees of a Late-Comer Laboratory

本文探討台灣當前「人才危機論」中，被忽略的研發教育。本研究以科技與社會研究的實驗室民族誌方法，將社會學界對台灣科技產業研究，教育學界對高等教育的討論，延伸到大學中的實驗室訓練。本文指出所謂人才危機，不只與科技產業有關，更是與後進研發教育的追趕訓練過程密切相關。本文提問，大學的實驗室打造科技的過程，使學生成為哪種科技人？理論上，本研究以科技後進處境出發，帶入科技與社會研究的實作取徑，提出適合思考本地實驗室的架構。本文的「追趕型」實驗室案例顯示，其實作文化使學生成為高度服從團隊、自我規訓，致力於複製技術、解決被給定問題，卻不善創新的「能作」科技人。據此，要解決台灣的人才危機，除了深入檢討台灣產業發展，還必須同步檢視研發訓練過程，以促成研發體制的轉型。最後，本文也藉此討論社會文化研究對相關議題、實務參與，及「後進」的問題性與限制。

This paper explores the neglected late-comer’s R&D education and tries to response to the ‘crisis of talent shortage’ in Taiwan. This study uses the ethnography approach from science and technology studies to examine the fastfollowing training in an university laboratory team. In contrast to industrial sociology’s focus on industrial and policy regimes and the education studies’ normative perspective, this paper argues that such an on-site approach of laboratory studies can offer alternative implication. This paper explores what kinds of talent are made in the training process. Based on the concern of the late-comer situation in Taiwan this study constructs a framework for locating these late-comer laboratory practices. In contrast to the others, the ‘fast-following’ culture of training and practice makes students team-obeying and self-disciplinary practitioners, who are good at industrious replication rather than innovative exploration. Accordingly, in order to tackle the crisis we also have to transform the research and educational regime. This paper concludes with the reflection on the research agenda, practical implication and the politics of ‘latecomer’ framing for social and cultural studies.