當前中國大陸銀行體系公司治理之研究

A Study on Corporate Governance of China's Current Banking System

本研究運用“股權－－治理－－激勵－－績效”框架客觀分析當前中國大陸銀行業改革發展取得的成就，根據研究結果顯示：中國大陸當前銀行業優良的帳面表現，相當程度來自於經濟增長、政策扶持等外部因素支撐；銀行業機構作為市場主體的自生能力依舊欠缺，內在約束機制的有效性依然不足。本研究針對當前大陸16家上市銀行股權結構進行實證分析，本文認為核心癥結仍然是國有普通股占比偏高，這也是銀行公司治理中國式問題的制度根源，而可行的解決思路則是將國有股最大限度地改造為可轉換優先股，從股權結構看，大型銀行、股份制銀行和地方城市商業銀行的主要股東基本上是各級政府或國有背景的企業；農村信用社則突出存在著股東權屬不清，結構不合理甚至似是而非的問題，並天生伴有產權不清晰、產權主體虛置、產權邊界模糊與產權約束弱化等相關問題產生。因此，如何進一步重組產權的緊迫性以及弱化政府對銀行直接控制力的客觀要求是中國大陸銀監局需努力之處，當前宜採取將銀行的國有性質股權有條件轉化為可轉換優先股的方式，這樣既不用改變所有制性質，又可以減輕國家的經營負擔並實現保值增值，同時還不失最終控制權。

In this study, we use the logical framework of ＂equity-Governance-Incentives-Performance＂ and objective analysis to analyze the banking sector reform and development in China. According to this study results showed, China current banking system has made apparent improvement and seen good performance to a certain extent resulted from some external factors, for example: the economic growth, policy support and the other support. The viability of banking institutions acted as the main market is still lacking, in addition, the effectiveness of internal restraint mechanism is still inadequate. This study was conducted from the current 16 large-sized banks which had been listed in stock markets based on having ownership structure with empirical analysis. We believe that the core problems still exist the crux of high proportion of state-owned shares, which is the root of corporate governance issues in China banking systems. Further is property rights restructured as well as the weakening of the objective requirements in China Banking Regulatory Bureau. We have to use the methods to reduce the operation burden not only to stay on basic-value level, in addition, to increase the value level, but also hold the ultimate control rights.