論常用形聲字聲符結構的位變、形變、省略現象

A Study on Position Change, Transformation and Omission in Pronunciation Indications of Frequently-Used Pictophonetic Characters

本文主要整理台灣現行常用字中形聲字聲符的位變、形變、省略現象。台灣教育部1979年公佈《常用國字標準字體表》的4,808個常用字，其中屬於形聲字的共計3,937字。這些形聲字中有部分聲符因位變、形變、省略現象破壞其原本結構，造成聲符辨識上的困難，據統計分析多達167個。例如「雜」字的聲符為「集」，現行漢字因「隹」、「木」二部件挪移形成「椎」，破壞了原聲符結構；「責」字聲符為「朿」，現行漢字因部件「朿」形變為「主」，而喪失了原聲符的面貌；「累」字聲符為「畾」，現行漢字因部件「畾」省略為「田」，而干擾了該字聲符的判別及其示音的能力。此類形聲結構在漢字教學中極易造成曲解，因此，筆者希望透過本文對這167個形聲字聲符結構進行分析，歸納其位變、形變及省略現象及規律，清楚呈現各聲符的來源，進而降低這類形聲字在漢字教學中的誤解，並提昇漢字教學的質量與成效。

Of the 4,808 frequently-used characters in Table of Standard Typefaces for Frequently-Used Chinese Characters, published by the Ministry of Education in 1979, 3,937 are pictophonetic characters. And 167 of them have undergone position change, transformation or omissionin their pronunciation indications, which damages their original structures and induces the difficulty of recognition. This group of pictophonetic characters would easily lead to misinterpretation in Chinese character teaching. In order to avoid misinterpretation and enhance the quality and efficiency of teaching, the author analyzes the structures of the pronunciation indications of the 167 characters regarding their position change, transformation and omission to provide a better picture of the origin of each pronunciation indication in question.