城市與山林之間：論南朝佛教詩賦的空間書寫與權力結構

Between Urban and Nature: A Study on Landscapes Writing and Power Structure of Buddhism Shi and Fu on Southern Dynasty

近來學者發現，東晉時佛教出現山林化的現象，僧團以名山險境作為宗教空間，不過到了南朝，城市再度成為佛教中心。本文由此現象切入，談佛教詩賦的空間書寫。首先談山林佛教時期的文學作品，如何將山林物色與深幽，令朝聖者感受到宗教權力；其次聚焦於南朝都城建康，談周遭的佛教地景包括鍾山、虎窟山、攝山，談朝聖者往返山林與城市之間感受到雙重權力的輪替；其三再談建康城內的佛教空間，如同泰寺、玄圃園、華林園等，探討南朝作者如何書寫這些佛教地景，政治與宗教的權力又如何運作。筆者發現：宗教與君主權力或許有所頡頏，然而在山林與城市的移動中，宗教權力與政治權力彼此拉鋸、交滲、又可能相互強化。透過討論佛教詩賦的空間與權力，本文期望能補充宗教文學的另一面向。

In recent years, scholars discovered that Buddhism appear evidences of approaching forest on Eastern Jin, monks groups make mountains and woods as space of religion. The paper is discussing about this phenomenon of landscapes writing of Buddhism poetry and ode on Southern Dynasty. First of all, I discuss about the literature of forested Buddhism on Eastern Jin, how they identify mountains deeply to make pilgrims to feel power of Buddhism. Furthermore, as center in the capital Jiankang, discussing about landscapes around Buddhism location, including Zhong Mountain, Huku Mountain, Shea Mountain. Then I discuss about pilgrims feel changing and turning of these two kinds of power when they go back and forth metropolis and nature. Third, I focus on space of Buddhism in capital Jiankang, discussing about how these authors wrote about landscapes of Buddhism and the way to perform power of politics and religion on Southern Dynasty. In the end, I found the power of religion and emperor might be against each other. Hovever, the antagonism and influence between the power of politics and religion, even strengthen each other in the moving between urban and forest. Through this study on landscapes writing and power structure of Buddhism poetry and ode on Southern Dynasty, I hope that can expand the other side of literature of religion.