登革熱的社區防治

Community Control for Dengue Fever

登革熱是一種透過蚊蟲叮咬而傳染的急性病毒性傳染病，每年都對許多熱帶與亞熱帶地區造成極大的社會經濟與疾病的負擔。目前全世界有125個國家的人生活在登革熱流行區，每年也造成近4億人感染登革熱，與造成21.000人因登革熱死亡。對於登革熱，目前尚無成功有效的疫苗與藥物。根據我國疾病管制署的統計，2015年5月1日到10月5日，全國共有20,972例本土案例，已確定有56例死亡案例是與登革熱相關。登革熱的擴散增快被認為是當代的氣候動態、全球化、旅遊、貿易、社會經濟的改變、移民與登革病毒的演化所致。有效控制病媒蚊的孳生是登革熱防治的重心，防疫如同作戰，任何疫情發生於社區均必須視之為一種危機，並採取適當的危機處理機制。登革熱防治必須採取社區總動員方式，透過多重管道作好民眾教育，凝聚社區的共識，由政府各單位為主幹，配合民眾主動參與，於同一時間內將病媒蚊的孳生源、盡量清除，才能有效地防止登革熱在社區內造成流行。

Dengue is an acute mosquito-borne viral infection that places a significant socioeconomic and disease burden on many tropical and subtropical regions of the world annually. Transmission of dengue disease is now present in every World Health Organization region of the world and more than 125 countries are known to be dengue endemic. It infects about 400 million people per year and leads to about 21,000 deaths annually. There is no available effective vaccine or drug therapy. According to the statistic report of Taiwan Center for Disease Control, there are 20,972 cases of dengue reported in Taiwan from May first to October 5th of 2015, and causes at least 56 deaths. The expansion of dengue epidemics is expected to increase due to factors such as the modern dynamics of climate change, globalization, travel, trade, socioeconomics, settlement and also viral evolution. Effective vector control is the mainstay to prevent and control dengue disease. Infection prevention is like a war, we have to consider every infection outbreak in community as a crisis and take some adequate crisis management. In order to prevent dengue outbreak in the community, we need total involvement of whole community, education through multiple channels, cohering community consensus, taking government organization as stem, accompanying active participation of community, and then effectively eradicate the vector in the same time period as possible.