中老年男性戒菸行為的相關因素

Factors Associated with Smoking Cessation among Male Elder Smokers

吸菸老年人的死亡率是從未吸菸老年人的1.2至3.4倍，而且任何年齡皆可因戒菸而獲益。2012年，中老年人戒菸率只有12.2%-18.2%，國內文獻針對中老年族群之戒菸研究仍顯不足，因此本文目的乃探討影響中老年男性吸菸者戒菸行為之相關因素。研究設計為橫斷性相關性研究，於南部社區以立意取樣方式招募中老年男性吸菸者共211位。結構式問卷包括社會人口學、嘗試戒菸、吸菸依賴、戒菸自我效能、戒菸動機、社會支持、社會吸菸動機、禁菸政策、家庭禁菸規定、社會規範、戒菸行為評估。單變量統計分析結果顯示年齡、吸菸年數、同住伴侶、吸菸依賴、戒菸自我效能、戒菸動機、社會吸菸動機、禁菸政策、社會支持、家庭禁菸規定與戒菸行為有關。邏輯式迴歸分析，吸菸依賴與戒菸自我效能可影響中老年人之戒菸行為。此結果將有助於提供專業人員做為發展中老年人戒菸措施之參考，建議透過吸菸依賴評估及社會認知措施提升戒菸自我效能，藉此幫助吸菸者之戒菸行為改變，以期能更進一步提升戒菸率。

For currently smoking men, the mortality compared with never smokers ranged from 1.2 to 3.4. Additionally, smoking cessation is beneficial at any age. The cessation rate of older smokers was 12.2-18.2% in 2012. However, few studies focused on the related factors of cessation behaviours in older smokers. The aims of the study were to determine the factors influencing cessation behaviors among male older smokers. A cross-sectional design using purposive sampling was conducted. A total of 211 male older smokers were recruited from community sites in southern Taiwan. Data was collected by structured questionnaires including demographics data, previous quit attempts, cigarette dependence, self-efficacy of cessation, motives to cessation, social support, social smoking motives, tobacco control policies, smoke-free home, social-norms, and cessation behaviors. Univariate analyses showed that smoking cessation was associated with the following factors, including age, smoking years, living with a partner, cigarette dependence, self-efficacy of cessation, motives to cessation, social smoking motives, attitude of tobacco control policies, social support and smoking restrictions at home. In the logistic regression models, cigarette dependence and self-efficacy of cessation were important factors of smoking cessation behavior. The results of this study would provide health professionals to develop the cessation program specific to the assessment of cigarette dependence and the promotion of self-efficacy in order to increase quit rates among older smokers.