中華民國黨治政治之規範發展與歷史考察

A Historical Study on the Legal Developments of the ROC Party-State System

自從終止動員戡亂時期以來，中華民國迄今共經歷了七次憲政改革。雖然總統已由民選產生，誰不論藍綠執政，在現實的政治運作上，卻一直存在總統須透過兼任黨主席或實質控制政黨方能順利行使職權。為釐清此一現象之形成原因，本文乃以國民黨所實施的黨國體制為基礎，進行法規範的歷史考察。由於黨國體制係具有高度的軍事色彩，本質上不具民主的特質，故其所建立之法制，均係以達成軍事任務為主要基礎。而在行憲後，黨國體制仍在萬年國會與動員戡亂時期臨時條款共同形成的基礎上，繼續延續。本文對於黨治政治規範沿革之考察，旨在增進對於黨國體制形成與發展之認識，祈能做為檢討現行政治運作的參考，並有助於將來的憲政改革。

Since the Period of National Mobilization for the Suppression of the Communist Rebellion terminated, the ROC has experienced seven Constitution reforms. However, no matter which party, either the KMT or the DPP, wins the Presidential election, in practice, the President still has to exercise his constitutional power through effectively dominating the ruling party, including being the chairman of the party. In order to clarify the reason why the president has to do so, this study conducts a historical review on the legal framework of the KMT party-state system. The legal framework of the party-state system aims mainly at achieving military goal, so it is against democracy. In the Constitution era, the party-state system remains effective based jointly on the Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of National Mobilization for the Suppression of the Communist Rebellion and the so-called indefinite extended-term Congress. To review the current political system for the future constitution reform, this study provides a historical analysis of developments of party-state system to improve understandings of its background.