“服制定罪”創制探原

An Inquiry into the Creation of “the Incrimination by Mourning Apparels”

瞿同祖在研究中國古代法律變遷時指出，《晉律》開以“服制定罪”之先河，該 觀點對學界頗有影響。然稽諸兩漢史籍及出土簡牘資料，多有以五服治罪之案例、律令、詔書和律章句。深度探究發現，漢代為緩和社會矛盾及加強社會治理，全面推行喪服禮制，自覺運用服制限制秦夷族連坐遺風，禁止親屬間的違禮相犯。隨著喪服之禮與律令的有機滲透，至東漢中後期，服敘已成為處置相關案件的參照標準或基本依據，還形成了“禮教與是非曲直並重”的司法模式。這些環節在相關史料中都得以顯現，展示了“服制定罪”在漢代發展、創制的完整過程。

Qu Tongzu concluded that“the incrimination by mourning apparels”materially influencing academia was initiated in The Law of Jin Dynasty, when he researched the change of ancient Chinese law. After examining the historical records and the unearthed archaeological literature of the Han Dynasty, the author find there are many cases, laws and decrees, imperial edicts and studies of law code about incrimination by mourning apparels, and finding that mourning apparel system was spread and developed for easing social conflicts and strengthening governance in the Han Dynasty. For example, the dominator consciously limited the collective punishment which derived from Qin dynasty and the breach of rituals between the relatives. With the interpenetration of rituals of mourning and laws, mourning apparels turn into the reference standards or the fundamental basis of related cases, and the judicial model, emphasizing the fact and ritual and affecting the later, had been formed, which constituted the complete chain of“the incrimination by mourning apparels”during its development and creation in the Han Dynasty.