涉及專利的標準制定和實施中的反壟斷問題

Anti-monopoly Issues in the Setting and Enforcement of Standard Related to Patent

在現代社會，標準與專利的結合日益頻繁和廣泛，使得兩者的市場影響力得以擴大，因而在涉及專利的標準制定和實施過程中容易發生排除、限制市場競爭的問題。違反專利披露義務和虛假承諾可能引起的反壟斷問題以及違反公平、合理、無歧視原則可能引起的反壟斷問題是兩個典型的表現。這兩個問題都需要在反壟斷法禁止濫用市場支配地位制度的框架下進行合理性分析，涉及行為主要包括拒絕許可、不公平要價、價格歧視、搭售或者附加其他不合理的交易條件，以及不正當地尋求禁令救濟等，需要著重把握其特殊之處。

In modern society, combination of standard and patent is increasingly frequent and extensive, which expands market effects of the two. Thus, problems of eliminating or restricting competition occur in the process of the setting and enforcement of standards related to patent. There are various forms of the issues, and two of the most typical and outstanding performances are the anti-monopoly issue caused by the violation of the obligation of the patent disclosure and the false promises and the anti-monopoly issue of caused by violation of the fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory principle. The two issues need to be analyzed in the framework of systems of forbidding abuse of market dominance, and need to focus on the special aspects. The conducts mainly include refusal of license, unfair pricing, price discrimination, tie-in sales or imposing any other unreasonable transaction terms and seeking unfairly the relief of the injunction.