《侵權責任法》中“高度危險”的判斷

Judgment of Abnormal Danger in Tort Law

《侵權責任法》對高度危險的規定雖然是開放式的，但是在具體適用時缺乏準確、全面、合理的判斷標準，導致司法實踐中出現了諸多問題。對高度危險的判斷應當從外部確定其界限，在內部確定其考量因素。從外部界限來看，高度危險區別於不被允許的危險。在內部考量方面，應當結合不可控制性、非通常性、損害後果的嚴重性或者致害概率的高度性，以及物品的性狀、活動方式等因素進行綜合判斷。對高度危險的判斷不可僵化，應當根據社會的發展通過對判斷標準的調整保持動態化。

The rules about abnormal danger are open in the Tort law. Because the criterion of judging the abnormal danger for the concrete circumstances is absent, there are lots of problems in the judicial application. Therefore, it is necessary to define the unambiguous, comprehensive, rational criterion. For the judgment of abnormal danger , the boundary should be fixed from outside and the elements should be determined inside. The abnormal danger is different from the danger which is not permitted by law. The elements of judgment include the uncontrolled character, unusual standard, seriousness of damage or high probability, nature of material and way of activity, etc. They should be considered comprehensively. The judgment of abnormal danger should not be rigid, and keep dynamic state along of the social development through the adjustment of criterion above mentioned.