論非法證據排除的繼續效力－－以重複自白為切入的分析

On the Continuing Effect of Exclusionary Rule of Illegal-obtained Evidence: Based on the Analysis of Repeated Confessions

對重複供述，目前存在三種應對模式：直接適用非法證據排除規則模式、“毒樹之果”模式和證據使用禁止的放射效力模式。但是，現有模式在處理重複供述問題上操作性和兼容性均有不足，因而有必要提倡一種以先前非法訊問對隨後供述的任意性是否繼續產生影響的判斷為核心的繼續效力排除模式。關於繼續效力是否存在，應當綜合案件情況加以具體判斷，權衡被告人被訊問時的每一個因素，尤其是審酌先前非法訊問方法對隨後重複供述的“污染之稀釋”程度。同時，繼續效力排除模式在證明責任及證明標準方面也有特殊要求。此外，繼續效力的排除模式超越了強制性排除與裁量性排除的框架，適用於所有言詞證據，但不適用於實物證據。

There are three models dealing with repeated confessions: direct application of exclusionary rule, doctrine of fruits of the poisonous tree and radioactive effect of Beweisversertungsverbote. However, all of these models still lack practicality and compatibility nowadays. When considering the contining effect, it is recommended to review all the facts and factors related to the interrogation, especially the pollution or dilution of the illegal measures to the repeated confession. Meanwhile, the burden and standard of proof and its standard are also unique. Besides, its scope should be limited: such a model goes beyond the frame of mandatory and discretionary exclusion; it is applicable only to testimonial evidence, not real evidence.