全國人大常委會如何監督依法行政？－－以執法檢查為對象的考察

The NPC Standing Committee’s Oversight on the Executive Branch’s Statutory Implementation

作為全國人大常委會一項常規的監督權，執法檢查在確保具體執法義務的履行、影響執法優先次序的裁量、督促建立更為有效的執法體系、保障和提高執法經費等方面都發揮了與行政訴訟制度不同的監督功能，從而在行為、政策、組織和預算四個層面對行政體系施加影響。以政策為導向且以確保有效性為宗旨的執法檢查，又與以行為為導向且以確保合法性為宗旨的行政訴訟制度形成了默契且互補，更體系化地確保行政系統不打折扣地執行法律。同時，通過功能嵌入，全國人大常委會在執法檢查過程中也實現了其他的監督目的。上述發現不僅在一定程度上拓寬了學界對監督依法行政的制度環境的認識，而且也呈現出不同以往的全國人大常委會權力擴展策略。

Although lacking a strong constitutional basis, the NPC Standing Committee has managed to build the law implementation inspection power into a very effective tool to check against the State Council and conse-quentially has shifted the power balance between two branches. Through a comprehensive working process, inspection practices have generated six main functions: ensuring statutory compliance; affecting priority-set¬ting in law enforcement; demanding budget increases; building more effective statutory enforcement; and shaping a more comprehensive norm system. These functions are rarely found in the administrative litigation system and are complementary to the judicial review mechanism.