試論遺贈的債物兩分效力

On the Separate Effects of the Legacy in the Areas of Obligation Law and Property Law

繼承與遺贈被一同規定於《物權法》第29條，不免使人認為遺贈與繼承均可直接引起物權變動。由此，產生物權效力的遺贈將導致承認意思主義的物權變動模式，打破現行法的既有安排。更為重要的是，為保障遺產債務獲得清償，受遺贈人必須在遺贈物的價值範圍內負有清償債務義務，混淆了遺贈與遺囑繼承的差別。此外，為平衡遺產債權人與遺贈人的利益，必須在現行法補充具體的規則，以限制受遺贈人行使物權，導致遺贈人的物權有名無實。《物權法》第29條不應被解讀為立法者意圖改變既有的遺贈效力，而是堅持傳統的債法效力。

As Article 29 of the Property Law includes inheritance and bequest, it is believed that both bequest and inheritance cause direct transfer in property rights. However, the effectiveness will lead to legatee to bear obligations, thus breaking the features of the pure advantage of grant in the legacy. More importantly, for ensuring the settlement of debts of the decedent, the intricate rules must be added. In addition, the effectiveness of property will lead to changes in patterns of doctrine of wills and break the existing law. Legatees should be given claims of obligations law to bequests from the time, when legators die.