論城市規劃法上的空中空間利用制度

System on Air Space Utilization within Urban Planning Law

空中空間利用制度是城市規劃法上的重要制度。空中權是利用地表之上一定空間的權利。它被很多國家的法律所規範，並為空中空間利用提供基礎性支撐。隨著社會的發展，空中權與城市規劃法結合在一起。從現有實例來看，空中空間利用主要有人工地基型、容積率轉移型和容積率獎勵型三大形態。它們在城市規劃法、建築標準法、文物保護法等法律和判例中逐步得到制度化。建構容積率特例制度、規定一定的條件和限制、設置特別許可制度等，是從城市規劃法角度建構空中空間利用制度的主要內容。

System on Air Space Utilization is an important part of urban planning law. Air right, the right to utilize a certain space above the earth's space, is legislated in many countries and provides basic foundation for utilizing air space. With the social development, air right is merged in urban planning law. From the current practices, there are mainly three forms of air space utilization, i. e. artificial foundation, transfer of floor area ratio and FAR awards. They are gradually instituted through precedents and laws such as urban planning law, building standard law and Cultural Relics conservation law. The main content of system on air space utilization from the perspective of urban space law includes establishing exceptional system on floor area ratio, imposing a certain conditions and limitations and setting forth system on special permit.