國際人權法典與參政權保障問題－－兼論參政權與自決權的關係

International Human Rights Treaty and Right to Suffrage - with the Discussion of the Relationship between Right to Suffrage and Right to Self-Determination

一般而言，人權在傳統上屬於國家最高法規憲法的核心規範，但由於第二次世界大戰法西斯主義等全體主義，造成對人權嚴重的侵害，因此人權的規範已不在侷限於憲法層次，甚至跨越國家進入國際社會的保障層次。其中，就全球民主主義化而言，其最重要的權利首推是參政權。本文主要針對已成為國際習慣法的《世界人權宣言》的參政權規定，以及《公民與政治權利國際公約（以下簡稱為《公民與政治權利國際公約》）》的參政權規定進行研究，並指出《世界人權宣言》第二十一條與《公民與政治權利國際公約》第二十五條的定位、主要意義與權利主體，最後探究國際人權法對參政權的看法為何，以總結出日本與台灣目前做法的問題。

Generally speaking, human right had constituted the core value within the constitution of a state traditionally. Yet, after large-scale infringements of human right occurred during WWII, the human right has no longer confined within the level of constitution but upgraded onto the international level. Among several type of human rights, the most important human right in terms of global democratization is the right to suffrage. This article provides research on the customary right of suffrage based on UDHR and ICCPR and further identifies the definition, meaning the subject of right according to article 21 of UDHR and article 25 of the ICCPR. Finally, this article also analyzes the interpretation of right to suffrage under the international human rights law and provide a research on the implementation thereof by Taiwanese and Japanese governments