聯合國一國三席的國際法問題－－烏克蘭、白俄羅斯與蘇聯的案例

The International Law Question About One Nation Have Three Memberships on UN -- Case by Belarus, Ukraine and Soviet Union

依據《聯合國憲章》第二章第四條第一項的規定，原則上只有主權國家才可以成為聯合國會員國，今日聯合國所有會員國全部皆是主權獨立的國家。但在聯合國初創時期，出現某些並非是主權獨立國家卻成為聯合國會員國的特殊事例，除印度、緬甸、菲律賓等三個尚未從殖民母國獨立即成為聯合國創始會員國外，還有白俄羅斯和烏克蘭兩個會員為蘇聯加盟共和國，並不算是主權獨立的國家，結果也在聯合國取得會員資格。就此而言，從1945年聯合國成立到1991年蘇聯解體為止，蘇聯這個國家在聯合國卻擁有烏克蘭、白俄羅斯與蘇聯等三個會員席位。烏克蘭和白俄羅斯兩個加盟共和國都是蘇聯的組成部分，它們怎麼也會取得聯合國會員資格呢？取得聯合國會員資格後如何運作呢？此點在國際法上的問題，就是本文所要討論的重點。

The UN Charter IV Article 4 stipulates that Membership in the United Nations is open to all Sovereign state. Today, all the Membership are Independent States in the United Nations. But on initial stage, some Membership haven't independent States, and this states own membership in the United States. It's exceptional case at that time.The India, Myanmar, Philippines, Belarus and Ukraine were also UN's membership on this time, but they were not independent from suzerainty and have Belarus and Ukraine also membership on the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union have own three membership seats that included Belarus, Ukraine and Russia, in particular Belarus, Ukraine haven't independent on this time. But Belarus, Ukraine also have membership in UN.Anywhere, Soviet Union have own three membership seats from UN established in 1945 to dissolution of the Soviet Union on 1991. During 46 years, the Soviet Union's membership on UN, including the Belarus and Ukraine. How Soviet Union got UN membership it? How work on the organize in UN? It is important question and these are the key points of this Article.