褐地重建正義解析

Brownfield Redevelopment Justice

褐地重建是矯正環境不正義的首要任務，但褐地重建過程卻可能重蹈不正義的覆轍，當環境正義逐漸成為顯學時，褐地重建正義卻鮮少受到關注，似乎污染地一旦得以重建就代表正義的來臨，殊不知褐地重建本身也會涉及不正義的問題。因此，本文聚焦於褐地重建過程中可能觸及的正義議題，首先探索主要的正義觀在褐地重建實務上的應用及其問題，其次檢閱褐地重建正義之相關文獻，從中爬梳先行研究所呈現的正義圖像。本文追溯幾位影響政治哲學發展甚巨之思想家─邊沁、諾奇克、康德、與羅爾斯的核心論述所發展而成的正義概念，並基此分析褐地重建正義相關文獻，發現效益主義與自由市場導向的文獻，大都從效率的觀點主張褐地重建中必須存在的妥協，例如為了吸引土地開發商的投資而降低污染整治標準等。至於強調自由與為底層爭取平等的文獻，對褐地實務的觀察則在於褐地重建的機會與品質是否因褐地社區的種族特性與社經層級而有所不同，以及褐地居民是否實質享受到褐地重建的利益與參與重建過程的機會。本文於結論部分除了總結相關文獻在褐地重建正義的思考盲點以外，也試圖將褐地重建正義融入我國，討論在台灣的社會脈絡中，褐地重建正義的應然圖像。

Brownfield redevelopment is meant to correct environmental injustice but the redevelopment process and benefit distribution could result in injustice again. However, brownfield redevelopment justice has rarely drawn public attention because people wrongly believe that a revitalized brownfield site indicates that justice has been served for pollution victims. To evoke discussions on brownfield redevelopment justice, this paper focuses on justice issues involved in processing brownfield revitalization, including the application of several main justice perceptions, as shaped by Bentham, Nozick, Kant and Rawls, on brownfield practice, and the examination of the justice perceptions held by the authors of the current brownfield redevelopment literature. This paper finds that the justice presented in the current literature can be classified into two categories. There is that literature which believes in utilitarianism and laissez-faire which emphasizes an efficient redevelopment process. There is also other literature that believes in freedom and equality, which emphasizes distributive justice, including the equal distribution of redevelopment opportunities among brownfield communities and the equal distribution of redevelopment benefits among stakeholders. In addition, there is procedural justice, with its focus on meaningful public participation in the decisionmaking process. This paper contends that the justice perceptions that are discussed are not contradictory to each other when applied to brownfield redevelopment and concludes that a human-respecting justice perception should be developed for brownfield redevelopment embedded in a specific Taiwanese social context.