在公共服務與市場競爭之間－－法國行政合同制度的起源與流變

Between Pub1ic Service and Market Competition-The Origin and Transition of French Administrative Contract System

20世紀初，在公共服務理念的支撐下，法國圍繞實現公共服務之良好運作這一目的構建了以“調適──再平衡”機制為核心的經典行政合同制度。一方面，行政機關當事人享有行政特權；另一方面，行政合同相對人受到合同經濟平衡原則的保護，二者即共同構成“調適──再平衡”機制的具體內容。然而自上世紀70年代以來，受到新自由主義的影響，公共服務理念雖仍然存續，但正日益被市場競爭理念所消解，這一方面推動行政合同制度朝著更加“競爭化”、“合同化”的方向改革，另一方面又要求行政合同制度在公共服務理念與市場競爭理念之間求得恰到的平衡，具體表現為公法學者對行政合同之類型化的重新思考以及行政法官對行政合同救濟制度的進一步整合。

In the early of 20th century, standing by the concept of public service and to well carry out this concept, a classical administrative contract system is proposed in France whose core mechanism is ‘modulation-re-balance’. The mechanism of ‘modulation-re-balance’ includes two aspects: On the one hand, the administrative party owns administrative privileges; on the other hand, the counterpart of 1970s, under the influence of Neo-Liberalism, although the concept of public service still exists, it is gradually dissipated by the concept of market competition. Thus, for one thing, it promotes the reform of administrative contract system to be more competitive and contracting. For another, it requires administrative contract system to pursue the balance between the concept of public service and the concept of market competition. To realize this balance, scholars in the public law fields have advocated reconsidering the genre of administrative contract. Meanwhile, administrative judges have begun to further integrate administrative contact relief system.